Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
The buccal cavity is considering as a door for the digestive system. It is composed of teeth, tongue, and palate. When the food enters the buccal cavity, it is moved along the pharynx and esophagus and then go onward through the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal opening. When the drug is taken by the buccal delivery system, it decreases the time needed for the drug to give its action, progresses the therapeutic action of the drug and gives a better enzymatic flora for drug absorption. It provides direct entry of drug into the systemic circulation; therefore, decrease all the drawbacks of the per-oral administration of drugs as hepatic first-pass effect, pre-systemic elimination of GIT by enzymatic degradation; between different routes of drug delivery, wafers are considered the most advantageous dosage form that taken orally and gives response at once with little side effects. The buccal region is one of the most convenient and easily approachable routes for administration of the therapeutic agents to be used locally and...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2019 in |
In marine habitats, a wide diversity of microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and microalgae will exist. Many investigations were reported in the literature on the diversity of marine bacteria and archaea, including their role, usefulness in various domains. It is found from the literature that less work has been reported in the literature related to the role and significance of microbes. Several orders of magnitude between the number of cells will be seen in seawater samples by direct observation and the number of colonies that can grow on agar plates. To prepare subculture, colonies were inoculated in nutrient agar and broth. Bacterial communities are composed of known species which are capable of forming colonies on agar plates but do so with low efficiency. Biochemical investigations were carried out in unknown bacterial samples collected from seawater to know the characteristic of...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
The advancements of cancer research if put in a nutshell can be described as: “Cancer is a genetic disease.” From the past two decades, several actors for cancer are identified, their mutations are characterized, and the pathways they control are described. Intricate relations among JAK-STAT, TGF-B, MAPK, Ras, Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathway have a vital role in apoptosis, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulation of these pathways due to driver mutations are often found involved in the growth of cancer. The purpose of this review is to enlighten the advancement in these areas of cancer, specify where there is room for research, and provide a potential base for future...
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Posted by admin on Mar 31, 2018 in |
Objective: To rationalize the macroscopical and microscopical study, TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting of Ficus religiosa Linn. leaves. Methods: The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Ficus religiosa Linn. was using the macroscopical characters powder microscopical study and Preliminary phytochemical investigation of TLC and HPTLC. Results: An attempt has been made to highlight this folk herbal medicine through present study which will assist in the identification of fresh as well as dried crude samples of leaves phytochemically, macroscopically, and microscopically. TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiling were carried out, and the salient qualitative and quantitative parameters are reported. Conclusion: The present study will provide referential information for correct identification and help in checking adulteration in the market sample used in the preparation of various herbal medicines. The present observation will also be helpful in the macroscopical and microscopical study, TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting of Ficus religiosa Linn....
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Posted by admin on Jul 12, 2017 in |
Background: In the emergency department, doctors face urgent and severe cases that need to be treated quickly with high quality. Therefore, clinicians often face challenges in selecting, initiating and individualizing appropriate drug therapy for patients admitted in the emergency medicine ward. Objective: To assess the prescribing patterns of drugs and to determine the rationality of prescriptions by using World Health Organization prescribing indicators. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out in emergency department for six months. About 520 case sheets were reviewed. Data were collected using structural data entry form and analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Results: The data was collected prospectively and analyzed using WHO prescribing indicators. The average number of drugs prescribed was 6.40 per prescription. The drugs prescribed by generic name accounts for 20.9% and those prescribed from EDL include 83.88%. At least one antibiotic was prescribed for patients which is high (57.31%). Most of drugs were administered through injection for about 49.24%.Patients were mainly admitted for nausea...
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